HDR stands for high dynamic range. It’s a technique used in photography to capture a wider range of light and shadow detail than a camera sensor could usually handle in a single shot. That’s because cameras typically struggle to expose both very bright highlights (like the sky) and very dark shadows (like a forest) at the same time within the same image.
HDR extends this dynamic range by blending multiple exposures (eg one under-exposed, one correctly exposed, and one over-exposed) into a single image.
When used subtly, HDR photography can look natural and enhance details. But your images can look over-processed if you push it too far.
HDR can be done in-camera or in post-processing, with the latter giving much more control. Here’s an interesting blog post about how to get realistic (rather than ‘horrific’) effects with HDR.
Advantages of HDR
- Captures more detail in highlights and shadows (instead of blacking out/blowing out)
- Useful for high-contrast scenes (sunsets, interiors with bright windows, landscapes)
- Can make images look more realistic (closer to what our eyes see).
- Can also create artistic, surreal effects if pushed further.
Disadvantages of HDR
- If overdone, HDR can look unnatural, garish or cartoonish
- Moving subjects (like people, leaves, water) can cause ghosting if the exposures don’t align
- Requires more processing, either in-camera or in software.
Where is HDR applied? Camera or post-processing?
It can be used in both, depending on what you have available and your preferences.
In-camera HDR:
- Many modern cameras and smartphones have an HDR mode
- They automatically take multiple exposures and merge them
- It’s fast, convenient, and requires no editing
- BUT there’s less control, and the results can often be flat or artificial-looking
Post-processing HDR:
- Software like Lightroom, Photoshop, Photomatix, or Aurora HDR can blend bracketed exposures (see 5-minute UK video for doing it with Photoshop)
- You get more control, better quality, and the ability to fine-tune your image to give you a more natural (rather than artistic) effect
- BUT it requires time and editing skills.
HDR in photography competitions
- Traditional & documentary competitions: Some competitions restrict HDR because it can be seen as excessive editing. Judges may prefer natural-looking images.
- Creative & open categories: HDR is often welcomed or even expected, especially if artistic styles are allowed.
Key point: Most competitions require photographers to declare if HDR or digital manipulation was used. Subtle HDR for tonal balance is usually fine; heavy HDR ‘fantasy’ looks might disqualify an entry in stricter contests.